Citric acid cycle ....
citric acid ---> cis-aconitic acid----> isocitric acid--(NAD ---> NADH2) --> oxalosuccinic acid (OSA) --> alpha-ketoglutaric acid (@-KGA)
--(NAD --->NADH2)-> succinyl coA ,---> succinic acid ------> fumaric acid ------> malic acid --(NAD--->NADH2)--> oxalo acetic acid (OAA)----> again citric acid....
CRICKET CLUB OF INDIA, OK SUCCESS FIRST MATCH OVER.
o k = oxalosuccinic acid ::::::::::> alpha Ketoglutaric acid.
The zoology mnemonic is used to memorise the scientific classification applied in zoology. The most common mnemonic is king penguins congregate on frozen ground sometimes. The first letter of each word of the mnemonic corresponding in order to the first letter of the descending order of scientific classification.
HORSE EVOLUTION
OMi Mia ka Prime Minister Platform Goda( or horse or equus instead of Goda )
which stands for
Orohippus
Mesohippus
Miohippus
Parahippus
Merychippus (calllipus)
Plieohippus
Equus
dont forget to add hyracothecium at the start..
FOR FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS………….
KuMARan is a DoCtOR who always EATS.
K=Vit. K = Menadione(M) . u all know its required for clotting of blood and so anti-haemorrhagic vitamin.
A= Vit. A = Retinol(R). Now it is for vision.
D = Vit. D = Calciferol(C). It causes Osteomalacia(O) in adults as Rickets(R) in children.
E= Vit. E = Antisterility(A)/beauty vitamin = Tocopherol(T)
to remember lichen is composed of algal and fungi...some usually forget.....she was All Gal and he was a Fun Guy....so they took a Like'n to each other...
ETC in mitochondria...
there r 5 complexes in inner mitochondrial membrane...
the electron flow is like this..
FMN ----> FeS ------> Co Q(coenzyme Q or ubiqionone) --- reduced CoQ ---> cyt b--->FeS ----> cyt c-----> cyt a---> cyt a3 ----> to oxygen ion.
or if FADH2 is present, then FAD ----> FeS ---> coQ then the pathway is similar...
so for this, i came up with a mnemonic...
Fins of Foetus of Corkfish and Belly of Cat arent Analogous stri (girl in sanskrit)
every ' of' stands for FeS ...
Corkfish = CoQ
arent = cyt a
analogous stri = cyt a3
belly = cyt b
FINS = FMN
Foetus = FAD
cell cycle:interphase,prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase I Passed My Algebra Test
white blood cells:neutrophil,lymphocyte,monocyte,eosinophil,basophilNever Let Monkeys Eat Bananas(in their volume)Never Eat Bananas Like Monkeys(first 3 granulocyte.4& 5 is agranulocyte)
to remember the chemicals released during inflammatory process Kevin Peterson Hardworking CricketerK-kinins P-prostadoglandins H-histamines C-cytokines
Now, there are two pancreatic ducts.............
Main pancreatic duct - Wirsung duct
Accessory pancreatic duct - Duct of Santorini
To remember this just u have to remwmber that W is inverted M . In this way first one can be remebered and the left out is for second one.
Parotid - Stenson's duct
Sub-maxillary - Wharton's duct
Sub-lingual - Duct of Rivinus
Read this as :- SaRe SuWadist bhojan ParSo or SaLaam siR , koi SuWadist bhojan ParSoon kya?
Citric acid cycle ....
citric acid ---> cis-aconitic acid----> isocitric acid--(NAD ---> NADH2) --> oxalosuccinic acid (OSA) --> alpha-ketoglutaric acid (@-KGA)
--(NAD --->NADH2)-> succinyl coA ,---> succinic acid ------> fumaric acid ------> malic acid --(NAD--->NADH2)--> oxalo acetic acid (OAA)----> again citric acid....
and to complicate things ( not actually !!!) in some steps NADH2 is formed, and in some FADH2 is formed.....
so.. here is my mnemonic...
Commonly, All sisters Isolate OSAma's KG- amputates Sharply Suceeding in Filming Meteorates (actually meteorites) Ascending only above...
now..plzz note that whenver a word ends with -ate here, in that step, NADH2 is formed.....that
here... Commonly - citric acid
All sisters = aconitic acid cis form
Isolate - isocitric acid....
OSAma = oxalosuccinic acid
KG-amputate = @-KGA
Sharply= succinyl coA
suceeding = succinic acid
filming = fumaric acid...
metoerate = malic acid
only ascending above = OAA
tissue system..
there are many types of tissues..
let me tell you those of squamous epitheliumm
squamous..
mesothelium , endothelium, henles loop , lungs alveoli, bowman's capsule , ...
it can be memorised as MEHAB ...
cuboidal epithelium
proximal tubule(PCT), pancreatic duct , distal tubule(DCT) , germinal epitelium of testes and ovary , choroid layer of eyes ( iris + ciliary body) , Respiratory bronchioles , duct of sweat and salivary glands
it can be memorised as Patna k Private Doctoron ne Gundo Ka Rishwad Swikara ...
columnar epithelium ..
Gall bladder
Intestine
Pancrease
Stomach
Bile duct
Intestinal glands ( crypts of leiberkuhn )
Gastric glands ( oxyntic cells and cheif cells)
this can be memorised as Go In Puraani Sabji mandi In Goa..
ciliated columnar epithelium
Respiratory tract
Auditory canal
Fallopian ducts
Tympanic cavity ( i.e middle ear)
Ventricles of brain..
Rukh At FTV .... or Fur Vala RAT ... both are equally good...
Kala Azar - Leishmania (KL)
Sleeping sickness - Trypanosoma (ST)
to remember the essential elements
CHO P K N S Ca Mg
Chopkins Ka Mighty Goal.
to remember taxonomical hierarchy:kingdom,phylum,class,order,genus,species:Keep Pots Clean Or Family Gets Sick...
Some tricks in evolution….
1. Palaeozoic era-
COrdiac(cardiac) glycoSiDes of Calotropis Plant
Cambrian , Ordovician (Age of Invertebrates),Silurian, Devonian(Age of Fishes), Carboniferous(Age of Amphibians), Permian
2.Coenozoic era – tertiary period-
PalE and Old Mr. Pritam
Palaeocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene(Age of Mammals)
southern blotting is used for DNA analysis
Northern blotting is used for RNA analysis
Western blotting is used for proteins
an easy way to memorise this...
south matlab Dakshin... DNA..
west matlab paschim ( or purab.. i'm awful with directions anyways...).. Protein..
aur bacha hai north our RNA.. so thats the only other match...
lithosere...
Lao Mein Abhi Pehle se Shuru Karoon...
Lichen stage
Moss stage
Annual grass stage
Perenial grass stage
shrub stage
climax community
hydrosere
PSuedo FoRce Se Work Karo..
plankton stage
submerged stage
free floating stage
Reed swanp stage
Sedge stage or marsh meadow stage
woodland stage or scrub stage
climax community
In DNA duplex
1. template strand,minus strand, sense strand -----> 3'-5'
2. nontemplate strand, plus strand, antisense and coding strand--> 5'-3'
to remember 3-5= -2 so minus strand(remember other names)
5-3= +2 so plus strand
4 Nickels awarded!
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