This is essential for conductor to be in equilibrium
Conductor at Equilibrium
| For a conductor at equilibrium: |  |
1. The net electric charge of a conductor resides entirely on its surface. (The mutual repulsion of like charges from Coulomb's Law demands that the charges be as far apart as possible, hence on the surface of the conductor.)
2. The electric field inside the conductor is zero. (Any net electric field in the conductor would cause charge to move since it is abundant and mobile. This violates the condition of equilibrium: net force = 0.)
3. The external electric field at the surface of the conductor is perpendicular to that surface. (If there were a field component parallel to the surface, it would cause mobile charge to move along the surface, in violation of the assumption of equilibrium.)